I-valve sisixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi esinokufumaneka phantse naphi na, iivalve ziyasebenza ezitalatweni, ezindlini, kwimizi-mveliso yamandla kunye nezixhobo zokusila zamaphepha, iindawo zokucokisa, kunye nezibonelelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezibonelelo zoshishino.
Ngawaphi amashishini asixhenxe apho iivalvu zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye zizisebenzisa njani izivalo:
1. Ishishini lamandla
Amaziko ombane amaninzi asebenzisa amafutha efosili kunye nee turbines ezinesantya esiphezulu ukuvelisa umbane.Iivalvu zesangozikhethwa kwizixhobo zombane ezivuliweyo/ezivaliweyo.Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa ezinye iivalvu, ezifanaY iivalvu zeglowubhu.
Ukwenza okuphezuluiivalve zebholazisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwamandla.
Ukusetyenziswa kweplanti yamandla kubeka imibhobho kunye neevalvu phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, ngoko ke iivalvu zifuna imathiriyeli eyomeleleyo kunye noyilo lokumelana novavanyo oluninzi lwemijikelo, amaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo.
Ukongeza kwi-valve ephambili ye-steam, isityalo samandla sinenani leepayipi ezincedisayo.Le mibhobho yokuncedisa ibandakanya ezahlukeneyoiivalvu zeglowubhu, iivalve butterfly, khangela iivalve, iivalve zebholakwayeiivalve zesango.
2. Amanzi ayasebenza
Izityalo zamanzi zifuna amanqanaba asezantsi oxinzelelo kunye namaqondo obushushu akwindawo engqongileyo.
Ngenxa yokuba ubushushu bamanzi bububushushu begumbi, izitywina zerabha kunye ne-elastomers ezingafanelekanga kwenye indawo zinokusetyenziswa.Ezi ntlobo zezixhobo zinokufikelela ukufakwa okutywiniweyo kweevalvu zamanzi ukuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi.
Iivalufa kwimisebenzi yamanzi zihlala zinoxinzelelo olungaphantsi kwe-200psi, ke ngoko, akukho mfuneko yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, uyilo loxinzelelo oluphezulu eludongeni.Ngaphandle kokuba kufuneka usebenzise isivalo kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu edameni okanye kumzila wamanzi omde, isivalo samanzi esakhelwe ngaphakathi sinokufuneka ukuze simelane noxinzelelo olumalunga nama-300psi.
3. Umzi-mveliso ongaphesheya kolwandle
Inkqubo yemibhobho yezibonelelo zemveliso ye-offshore kunye namaqonga okugaya ioli iqulethe inani elikhuluiivalve.Ezi mveliso zevalvu zineenkcazo ezahlukeneyo ezinokumelana nazo zonke iingxaki zolawulo lokuhamba.
Inxalenye ephambili yezibonelelo zokuvelisa i-oyile yigesi yendalo okanye inkqubo yepayipi yokubuyisela i-oyile.Le nkqubo ayisetyenziswanga kuphela kwiqonga, inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinyawo ezili-10,000 okanye ubunzulu obukhulu.
Kwiiplatifti ezinkulu ze-oyile, ukusetyenzwa okungaphezulu kwe-oyile ekrwada ukusuka kwintloko yomthombo kuyafuneka.Ezi nkqubo ziquka ukuhlukana kwegesi (igesi yendalo) ukusuka kumphunga wolwelo kunye nokwahlulwa kwamanzi kwi-hydrocarbons.
Ezi nkqubo zidla ngokusetyenziswaiivalve zebholakwayekhangela iivalvekwayeI-API 6D iivalvu zesango. Iivalvu ze-API 6Dazifanelekanga izicelo ezineemfuno ezingqongqo kwimibhobho, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimibhobho yezibonelelo zangaphakathi kwiinqanawa zokomba okanye amaqonga.
4. Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka
Umbhobho wamanzi amdaka uqokelela izinto eziqinileyo nezilulwelo kwaye uzikhokelele kwindawo yokucoca amanzi amdaka.Amaziko okucoca amanzi amdaka asebenzisa imibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye neevalvu ukusebenza.Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimfuno zeevalvu zamanzi amdaka zikhululekile ngakumbi kunezo zamanzi acocekileyo.
Khangela iivalvukwayeamasango entsimbilolona khetho ludumileyo kunyango lwamanzi amdaka.
5. Ukuveliswa kweoli kunye negesi
Imithombo yegesi kunye nemithombo yeoli kunye nezixhobo zabo zokuvelisa zisebenzisa iivalve ezininzi ezinzima.Irhasi yendalo ephantsi komhlaba kunye ne-oyile inoxinzelelo olukhulu, i-oyile nerhasi zinokutshizwa emoyeni oziimitha ezili-100 ukuphakama.
Ukudibanisa kweevalve kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunokumelana noxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-10,000 psi.Olu xinzelelo lunqabile emhlabeni kwaye luxhaphake kakhulu kwimithombo yeoli enzulu elwandle.
Iivalvu zezixhobo ze-wellhead ziphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.Imibhobho yevalve indibaniselwano idla ngokuqulatha ezikhethekileyoiivalvu zeglowubhu(ebizwa ngokuba zii-throttle valves) kunyeiivalve zesango.Ikhethekileyoivalve yokumisaisetyenziselwa ukulungisa ukuhamba ukusuka equleni.
Ukongeza kwi-wellhead, kukho izibonelelo ezifuna iivalve kwigesi yendalo kunye neoli yeoli.Ezi ziquka izixhobo zenkqubo yokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwegesi yendalo okanye i-oyile.Ezi zivalo zenziwa ngentsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni.
6. Imibhobho
Iivalve ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zisetyenziswa kule mibhobho : umzekelo, iivalve zokumisa iipayipi ezingxamisekileyo.Ivalve engxamisekileyo inokwahlula umbhobho ukwenzela ukugcinwa okanye ukuvuza.
Kukho neendawo ezihlakazekileyo ecaleni kombhobho : kulapho umbhobho ubonakaliswe phantsi, esi sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukuhlola nokucoca umgca wokuvelisa.Ezi zikhululo ziqulethe iivalve ezininzi, eziqhelekileyoiivalve zebhola or iivalve zesango.Ivalve yesixokelelwano semibhobho kufuneka ivuleke ngokupheleleyo ukuvumela izixhobo zokukhupha amanzi ukuba zidlule.
7. Izakhiwo zorhwebo
Kukho inani elikhulu lemibhobho kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ezimileyo.Ngapha koko, isakhiwo ngasinye sifuna amanzi nombane.Kumanzi, kufuneka kubekho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zemibhobho yokuthutha amanzi, amanzi amdaka, amanzi ashushu kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela umlilo.
Ukongezelela, ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo yokukhusela umlilo isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka ibe noxinzelelo olwaneleyo.Uhlobo kunye nodidi lwevalve yokuhlanganisa umlilo kufuneka luvunywe yi-arhente yolawulo ehambelanayo ngaphambi kokufakwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-08-2023