Yintoni ihamile yamanzi?
Ihamile yamanzi ikukungaphumeleli kwamandla ngequbuliso okanye kwivalve ivalwe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngenxa ye-inertia yoxinzelelo lokuhamba kwamanzi, i-flow shock wave waveliwa, njengehamile, ebizwa ngokuba yihamile yamanzi.Amandla angemva nangaphambili weliza lokungcangcazela kwamanzi, ngamanye amaxesha abe mkhulu, anokwaphula iivalvu kunye neempompo.
Xa ivalve evulekileyo ivaliwe ngokukhawuleza, ukuhamba kwamanzi kubangela uxinzelelo kwivalve kunye nodonga lombhobho.Ngenxa yodonga olugudileyo lombhobho, ukuhamba kwamanzi okulandelayo phantsi kwesenzo se-inertia ngokukhawuleza kufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye kuvelise umphumo owonakalisayo, okuyiyo "impembelelo yesando samanzi" kwi-mechanics yamanzi, oko kukuthi, isando samanzi esilungileyo.Lo mba kufuneka uqwalaselwe ekwakhiweni kwemibhobho yokubonelela ngamanzi.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ivalve evaliweyo evula ngokukhawuleza iya kuvelisa ihamile yamanzi, ebizwa ngokuba yihamile yamanzi engalunganga, nayo inamandla okutshabalalisa, kodwa kungekhona njengangaphambili.Iyunithi yempompo yombane iya kubangela impembelelo yoxinzelelo kunye nefuthe lehamile yamanzi xa umbane unqunyulwa ngokukhawuleza okanye uqalise.Umothuko wombhobho onjalo unwenwela ecaleni kombhobho, nto leyo ekhokelela ngokulula kuxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwasekuhlaleni lombhobho kwaye ibangele ukugqabhuka kwemibhobho kunye nokonakala kwesixhobo.Ke ngoko, ukukhuselwa kwesiphumo sehamile yamanzi kuba yenye yetekhnoloji ephambili yobunjineli bokubonelela ngamanzi.
Iimeko zehamile yamanzi:
1. Ivalve ivula okanye ivale ngokukhawuleza;
2. Iyunithi yempompo iyayeka okanye iqala ngokukhawuleza;
3. Umbhobho omnye ukuya kumanzi aphezulu (umahluko wobude bomhlaba wonikezelo lwamanzi ongaphezu kweemitha ezingama-20);
4. Intloko yempompo epheleleyo (okanye uxinzelelo lokusebenza) inkulu;
5. Isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kumbhobho wamanzi sikhulu kakhulu;
6. Umbhobho wamanzi mde kakhulu, kwaye umhlaba utshintsha kakhulu.
Umonakalo wesiphumo sehamile yamanzi:
Ukonyuka koxinzelelo olubangelwa sihamile samanzi kunokufikelela kumatyeli aliqela okanye namashumi aphindwe kaninzi kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza lombhobho. Owona monakalo mkhulu woku kutshintsha koxinzelelo olukhulu kwinkqubo yombhobho yile:
I-1.Cause vibration enamandla yombhobho, umbhobho odibeneyo unqanyuliwe;
2. Ukonakaliswa kwevalve, uxinzelelo olubi luphezulu kakhulu ukuba lubangele ukugqabhuka kwemibhobho, uxinzelelo lothungelwano lonikezelo lwamanzi luyancitshiswa;
3. Ngokuphambene noko, uxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu luya kukhokelela ekuweni kombhobho, kodwa luphinde lonakalise i-valve kunye ne-fixture;
4. Ibangela ukuguqulwa kwempompo, yonakalise izixhobo zegumbi lokumpompa okanye iipayipi, ngokunzulu kubangele ukuba igumbi lepompo likhukulise, kubangele abantu ababuleweyo kunye nezinye iingozi ezinkulu, ezichaphazela imveliso kunye nobomi.
Amanyathelo okukhusela okuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa isando samanzi:
Kukho amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela kwihamile yamanzi, kodwa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kufuneka athathwe ngokwezinto ezinokubangela ihamile yamanzi.
1. Ukunciphisa izinga lokuhamba kombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwehamile yamanzi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa kuya kwandisa ububanzi bombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi kunye nokwandisa utyalo-mali lweprojekthi.Ukuhanjiswa kweentambo zothumelo lwamanzi kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuphepha ukwenzeka kwee-humps okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwethambeka.Ubungakanani besando samanzi sinxulumene ikakhulu nentloko yejometri yegumbi lokumpompa.Ukuphakama kwentloko yejometri, likhulu ixabiso lehamile yamanzi.Ngoko ke, intloko yempompo enengqiqo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokwemeko yangempela yendawo.Emva kokuba impompo yempompo kwingozi, impompo kufuneka iqalwe xa umbhobho osemva kwevalve yokutshekisha uzaliswe ngamanzi.Musa ukuvula ngokupheleleyo i-valve yokuphuma kwempompo xa uqala ipompo, ngaphandle koko iya kuvelisa impembelelo enkulu yamanzi.Uninzi lweengozi ezinkulu zehamile zamanzi kwizitishi zokumpompa zenzeka phantsi kwale meko.
2. Seta isixhobo sokuphelisa isando samanzi:
(1) Itekhnoloji yokulawula uxinzelelo rhoqo:
Njengoko uxinzelelo lothungelwano lonikezelo lwamanzi luhlala lutshintsha ngokutshintsha kwemeko yokusebenza, isenzeko soxinzelelo oluphantsi okanye uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo luhlala lusenzeka kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwenkqubo, ekulula ukuvelisa isando samanzi, okukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kombhobho kunye nezixhobo. .Inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo iyamkelwa, ngokufunyaniswa koxinzelelo lwenethiwekhi yombhobho, ukulawulwa kwempendulo yempompo yokuqala, ukumisa kunye nokulawulwa kwesantya, ukuhamba kokulawula, kwaye emva koko wenze uxinzelelo lugcine umgangatho othile. ukulawula i-microcomputer ukugcina unikezelo lwamanzi olucinezelekileyo, ukuphepha ukuguquguquka okugqithisileyo koxinzelelo, kunye nokunciphisa ukubanakho kwehamile yamanzi.
(2) Faka isixhobo sokuphelisa ihamile yamanzi
Isixhobo sithintela ikakhulu ihamile yamanzi ekumiseni impompo, efakelwa ngokubanzi kufutshane nombhobho ophumayo wempompo.Isebenzisa uxinzelelo lombhobho ngokwawo njengamandla okuqonda intshukumo ezenzekelayo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, oko kukuthi, xa uxinzelelo kumbhobho lungaphantsi kwexabiso elibekiweyo lokhuseleko, izibuko lokuhambisa amanzi liya kuvula ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ngoko ke njengokulinganisa uxinzelelo lombhobho wendawo kunye nokuthintela impembelelo yehamile yamanzi kwisixhobo kunye nombhobho.I-Eliminator inokuthi ihlulwe ngokubanzi ibe ngumatshini kunye ne-hydraulic ezimbini iintlobo, isenzo sokuphelisa oomatshini ngokubuyiswa kwencwadana, i-hydraulic eliminator inokusetha ngokuzenzekelayo.
(3)Fakela ivalve yokukhangela evala kancinci kumbhobho ophumayo wempompo wamanzi.
Inokuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo isando samanzi sokumpompa, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho umlinganiselo othile wokubuyela emva kwamanzi ngexesha lesenzo sevalvu, iqula lokufunxa kufuneka libe nombhobho ophuphumayo.Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeevalvu zokujonga ukuvala ngokucothayo: uhlobo lwehamile enzima kunye nohlobo lokugcina amandla.Le valve inokulungelelanisa ixesha lokuvala ivalve ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile njengoko kufuneka.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ivalve ivalwe ngama-70% ~ 80% ngaphakathi kwe-3 ~ 7 s emva kokucima umbane, kwaye i-20% ~ 30% eseleyo yexesha lokuvala ihlengahlengiswa ngokwemiqathango yempompo kunye nombhobho, ngokubanzi kuluhlu lwe 10 ~ 30 s.Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba xa kukho i-hump kumbhobho kunye nehamile yamanzi ebhulorho iyenzeka, indima yevalve yokujonga ukuvala ngokucothayo isebenza kakhulu.
(4) Misela iNqaba yoLawulo lweNdlela enye
Yakhiwe kufuphi nesikhululo sokumpompa okanye kwindawo efanelekileyo yombhobho, ubude bendlela enye yokunyuka kwenqaba buphantsi kunoxinzelelo lwemibhobho apho.Xa uxinzelelo kumbhobho lungaphantsi kumphakamo wamanzi kwinqaba, inqaba yokuphuma izalisa amanzi kumbhobho ukunqanda intsika yamanzi ukuba ingaphuki kwaye inqande ukuvalela ihamile yamanzi.Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yayo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiihamile zamanzi ngaphandle kweempompo zokumisa iihamile zamanzi ezifana neehamile zamanzi ezivala ivalve zilinganiselwe.Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwevalve yokutshekisha esetyenziswe kwindlela enye yokulawula uxinzelelo kuthembeke ngokupheleleyo.Nje ukuba i-valve ingasebenzi, inokukhokelela kwisehlo esikhulu.
(5) Seta umbhobho wokudlula ( ivelufa ) kwisikhululo sokumpompa.
Ngethuba lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yempompo, i-valve yokukhangela ivaliwe ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwicala lamanzi lompompo luphezulu kunoxinzelelo lwamanzi kwicala lokufunxa.Xa umpompo unqanyulwe ngokukhawuleza emva kwengozi, uxinzelelo ekuphumeni kwesikhululo sempompo luyancipha ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa uxinzelelo lwecala lokufunxa lukhuphuka ngokukhawuleza.Ngaphantsi kolu xinzelelo lwahlukileyo, amanzi adlulayo oxinzelelo oluphezulu kumbhobho ophambili wokufunxa ngamanzi aphantsi oxinzelelo lwamanzi atyhala ipleyiti yevalve yokukhangela kumbhobho oyintloko wamanzi oxinzelelo, kwaye anyuse uxinzelelo lwamanzi aphantsi apho.Kwelinye icala, uxinzelelo lwehamile yamanzi kwicala lokufunxa lempompo nalo luyancitshiswa.Ngale ndlela, ukunyuka kwehamile yamanzi kunye nokuwa kumacala omabini wesikhululo sempompo zilawulwa, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zikhusele umonakalo wesando samanzi.
(6) Cwangcisa ivalve yokujonga izigaba ezininzi
Kumbhobho omde wamanzi, i-valve enye okanye ngaphezulu yokukhangela yongezwa ukwahlula umbhobho wamanzi kumacandelo amaninzi, kwaye i-valve yokukhangela ibekwe kwicandelo ngalinye.Xa amanzi kumbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi ebuyela ngasemva ngexesha lenkqubo yehamile yamanzi, ivalve nganye yokukhangela ivalwa enye emva kwenye ukwahlula amanzi okuhlamba ngasemva abe ngamacandelo amaninzi.Ngenxa yokuba intloko ye-hydrostatic kumbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi ngamnye (okanye icandelo lokuhamba kwamanzi okuhlamba umva) incinci kakhulu, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwehamile yamanzi kuyancipha.Lo mlinganiso wokukhusela unokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwimeko yokwahlukana okukhulu kokuphakama kokunikezelwa kwamanzi ejometri.Kodwa ukukwazi ukuhlukana kwekholomu yamanzi akukwazi ukupheliswa.Intlupheko yayo enkulu kukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwempompo kwanda kwaye iindleko zokunikezelwa kwamanzi zanda ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo.
(7) Isixhobo sokuphuma esizenzekelayo kunye nonikezelo lomoya sisekwe kwindawo ephezulu yombhobho ukunciphisa impembelelo yehamile yamanzi kumbhobho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-11-2023